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1 ἐλαύνω

ἐλαύνω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `drive, push, beat out (metal)', intr. `drive, ride' (on the meaning in the Epos cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 95f., 115f.);

Other forms: also ἐλάω in inf. ἐλάᾱν, ptc. ἐλάων, impf. ἔλων (Hom.), ipv. ἔλα (Pi.), ἐλάτω, - άντω, - άσθω (Dor. inscr.) etc. (further Schwyzer 681f.), aor. ἐλάσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι, fut. ἐλάω, perf. med. ἐλήλαμαι (Il.), - ασμαι (Hp. usw.), act. ἐλήλακα (Hdt.), aor. pass. ἐλα(σ)θῆναι (Hdt.)

Compounds: often with prefix: ἀπ-, δι-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, περι-, προσ- etc.

Derivatives: Nomina actionis: ἔλασις `march (of an army), ride, expulsion etc.' (Ion.-Att.), often of the prefixed verbs: δι-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, περι-έλασις etc. (see Holt Les noms d'action en - σις, s. index); rare ἐλασία `ride, march' (X.) with ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-ελασία (hell.), after βο-ηλασία etc. (from βο-ηλατέω, - άτης), cf. Schwyzer 468f., Chantr. Form. 83f.; ἔλασμα `chased metal, tin, probe' (Ph. Bel., Gal.) with ἐλασμάτιον (Delos II^a, Dsc.); ἐλασμός = ἔλασμα, ἔλασις (Aristeas); ἔλατρον `flat cake' (Miletos V^a), vgl. ἐλατήρ. Nom. agentis: ἐλατήρ `driver' (Il.) with ἐλατήριος `driving off' (A. Ch. 968 [lyr.]), normally `carrying away, purging', n. `purgative' (Hp.; s. Andre Les ét. class. 24, 41); ἐλατήρ `flat cake' (Com.); ἐλάτης `driver' (E. Fr. 773, 28 [lyr.]) from βοηλάτης (with βοηλατέω, - σία, s. above), ἱππηλάτης, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 31f.; ἐλάστωρ `id.' ( App. Anth. 3, 175); ἐλαστής `id.' (EM); ἐλατρεύς ὁ τρίτην πύρωσιν ἔχων τοῦ σιδήρου παρὰ τοῖς μεταλλεῦσιν H.; see Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 82f.; also as PN (θ 111); s. Boßhardt 120. Verbal adj.: ἐλατός `malleable, beaten' (Arist.), ἐξ-ήλατος `beaten' (Μ 295; several compounds like ἱππ-ήλατος, θε-ήλατος (Ion.-Att.); ἐλαστός `id.' (pap.). - Desiderat. ἐλασείω (Luc.), iterative preterite ἐλάσασκεν (Β 199). - On ἐλασᾶς and ' Ελάστερος s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [36] * h₁elh₂- `drive, move'

Etymology: Basis is ἐλᾰ- \< * h₁elh₂-; ἐλαύνω from a verbal noun *ἐλα-Ϝαρ, ἐλα-υν- (to ἐλά-ω like *ἀλε-Ϝαρ, ἀλέ-(Ϝ)ατα to ἀλέω, s. v.). A sec. formation is ἐλαστρέω (s. Έλάστερος s. v). - No certain cognate. (Arm. eɫanim `become' is improbable. Arm. elanem `go out, up' belongs to the verbs in - anem = gr. - άνω). For the Celtic nā-present OIr. ad-ellaim `go to, visit' could belong to πίλναμαι. Other Celtic forms have ( p)el-.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαύνω
2 κουρά

κουρά, ion. - ρή

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cropping of the hair, the beard, wool', also of trees and grass; `lock of hair, of wool, fur'; `cut-off end, slips of wood' (IA.).

Derivatives: 1. κουρεύς m. `shaver, barber' (Att.); name of a bird (H.; after the sound), with κουρεῖον ` barber-shop' (Att.), with κουρεακός ` talkative' (Plb.; on the formation Schwyzer 497); also κουρευτής `id.' (Gloss.), f. κουρεύτρια (Plu.), κουρευτικός `used for shaving' (sch., Olymp.); cf. κουρεύομαι below; on κουρεύς etc. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 46. - 2. κούρειον (- εον) n. ` sacrifice of hair etc. on the Apaturia (S., Is., inscr.) with Κούρειος surn. of Apollon (Teos), κουρεῶτις, - ιδος ( ἡμέρα, ἑορτή) f. `the third day of the Apaturia, on which the hair of the young boys and girles was offered' (Pl., inscr.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 137 a. 493), Κουρεών (-ηϊών) - ῶνος m. monthname in Magnesia on the Maeander (inscr.; s. Nachmanson Magn. 23 n. 1, 50). Here also with bleached 2. member αἱμα-κουρίαι pl. ` bloodoffer' (Pi.). - 3. κούριμος `belonging to the cropping, shaved' (trag., Plu.), also κουρεύσιμος (sch.) as if from *κούρευσις ( κουρεύομαι); Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 79f. - 4. κουρικός ` used for the cropping' (pap.). - 5. κουρίς, - ίδος f. `id.' ( μάχαιρα; Cratin.), ` polisher-girl' (com., Plb.). - 6. κουρίας m. ` who has his hair shaved' (Luc., D. L.). - 7. κουράς ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὀροφώμασι γραφή, ὀροφικὸς πίναξ H.; also ἐγκουράς (A. Fr. 142, H.). - 8. κουρῖτις f. plant-name, ` περιστερεὼν ὕπτιος, Verbena officinalis' (Ps.-Dsc., Ps.-Apul.; motive unknown, cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 73). - Denomin. verbs: 1. κουριάω `need cropping, have long hair' (Pherecr., Plu., Luc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732); 2. κουρίζω, - ίξαι `shave, cut' (Thphr., H.); 3. κουρεύομαι `adopt the tonsura, have short hair' (Just., Sch.). - On κοῦρος a. κουρίξ s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [945] * kers- ` shave'

Etymology: As primary verbal noun κουρά stands for *κορσά (on he phonetics Schwyzer 285f., Lejeune Traité de phon. 108 n. 3, 119 n. 2); the verb is seen in Hitt. karš-mi ` cut off' (IE rather *kérs-mi than *kórs-mi); with t-enlargement Toch. A kärṣt-, B kärst- `cut off, destroy'. Traces of the same verb (with diff. sound-development) show Gr. ἀ-κερσε-κόμης, Κόρσης nickname of a smooth-shaved man (Chrysipp.), κορσός κορμός H., κορσοῦν κείρειν H. with κορσᾶς m. (pap.), κορσω-τήρ (Call., Poll.) `barber', - τεύς `id.' (Ath. 12, 520e), - τήριον `barber-shop' (ibd.); further κόρση, s. v. - Pok. 945). Further s. κείρω.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κουρά
3 βραβεύς

βραβεύς

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `judge at the games, arbitrator, umpire; leader' (S.; on the meaning Boßhardt, Die Nomina auf - ευς 41f.).

Dialectal forms: Here Myc. moroqa, form and meaning (a person, official?) unknown?

Derivatives: βράβευμα `decision of a judge' (S.), βραβεία `decision' (E.), βραβεῖον `prize' (Men.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Etym. unknown. - Rather with Debrunner, Eberts Reallex. 526, Chantraine Form. 125 Pre-Gr. A reconstruction *mro\/agʷ- (inspired by the Myc. form, with \/a\/, phonetically [ο]?) would fit well. - Does it imply that the sportive contests are a Pre-Greek heritage?

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βραβεύς
4 βωρεύς

βωρεύς

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `mullet' (Xenokr.),

Other forms: βωρίδιον n., also βουρίδιον (Alex. Trall.).

Derivatives: On the PN with Βωρ- ( Βῶρος, Βώρακος, Βώριμος) s. Boßhardt (below).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Egypt.

Etymology: Boßhardt Nomina auf - ευς 61 derived the word from βῶροι ὀφθαλμοί H., like Strömberg Fischnamen 42f., but βῶροι is prob. from *Ϝῶροι (s. ὁράω). Connected with Copt. bori, Arab. būrī, s. Thompson Fishes s.v. and Hemmerdinger, Glotta 46 (1968) 247.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βωρεύς
5 γουνός

γουνός

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `hill' (Il.), EM, Orion = ὑψηλὸς τόπος.

Derivatives: From Γόννος, *Γοῦνος perh. the name Γουνεύς Β 748, s. Boßhardt Nomina auf - ευς 111f. -

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Compared with Thessal. PN Γόννος ( Γόννοι, Γοννοῦσσα), which suggests *γονϜος, but the development of - νϜ- is uncertain (Buck, Gr. Dial. $54). Since antiquity (EM) derived from γόνυ, which is improbable. The comparison with Russ. gumnó `threshing-floor' (Pisani, Rend. Acc. Lincei 6: 4, 359f.) is not convincing; s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. - Also γῶνος H. and χῶνος H., so clearly Pre-Greek. Fur. 138 further mentions material from Sardinia (Gonnos, Gonni), Berber, Basque and Caucasian.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γουνός
6 δάκτυλος 1

δάκτυλος 1.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `finger' (also as measure etc.), `toes' (Ion.-Att.);

Other forms: Boeot. δακκύλιος (Tanagra)

Compounds: τετραδάκτυλος; ῥοδοδάκτυλος.

Derivatives: Rare dimin.: δακτυλίδιον (Ar.), δακτυλίσκος (Lebadeia), δακτυλίς (Steph. Med., Plin.); - δακτύλιος m. (- ον n.) `(finger)ring' (Sapph., Hdt.) with dimin. δακτυλίδιον (Delos III^a, pap.), also δακτυλίδριον, - ίδρυον (pap., from - ύδριον [Chantr. Form. 72f.] dissimilated), δακτύληθρον (Them.; cf. Chantr. 373), δακτυλήθρα `glove with fingers' (X., Chantr. l.c.); - δακτυλῖτις plant name (Dsc.; after the root like a finger, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 37, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70), δακτυλεύς name of a sea-fish (Ath.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 84f.). - Adj.: δακτυλ-ιαῖος `broad as a finger' (Hp.), δακτυλικός `belonging to the finger' (Ath.), δακτυλωτός `with fingers' (Ion.). - Denomin. δακτυλίζω `count with the fingers etc.' (H.) with δακτυλιστής (pap.) unknown profession.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: No etymology. Boeot. δακκύλιος, where - κκ- is hardly from - κτ-, rather from *δάτκυλος. Not to OHG zinko. Lat. digitus is also unclear. *δατκ-υλ- looks perfectly Pre-Greek: - κτ-, vowels α and υ.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάκτυλος 1
7 δέλεαρ

δέλεαρ, - ατος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `decoy' (Ion.-Att.).

Other forms: Pl. also δέλευρα (s. below); pl. δείλατα.

Derivatives: Denomin. δελεάζω `entice' (Ion.-Att.) with δελέασμα (Ar.), δελεασμάτιον (Philox.), δελεασμός (Arist.) and the instr. names δελεάστρα `baited trap' (Cratin.), δελέαστρον `id.' (Nicoph.); with δελαστρεύς `fisher with baited trap' (Nic.; for *δελεα- metri causa, s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 68). - With the same meaning δείλατα pl. (Call. Fr. 458), δελήτιον (Sophr.; δελῆτι δελέατι H.), δέλετρον (Numen. ap. Ath., Opp.; after the instr. names in - τρον), δέλος ( PMagPar. 1, 939, Eust.; innov. after the neutres in - ος).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The plural δέλευρα (Ath.) suggests for δέλεαρ an original r-n-stem *δέλε-Ϝαρ; cf. ἄλευρα: *ἄλε-Ϝαρ. Twosyllabic δελε- also in δελήτιον \< *δελεάτιον and in new δέλετρον (s. Chantr. Form. 332f.). Deviant only late δείλατα, which may derive from *δέλ-Ϝατα. Beside twosyll. δελε- we have βλη- in βλῆρ (Alc.), from *βλῆ-(Ϝ)αρ? or *βλέ-(Ϝ)αρ?; s. βλέτυες. -- One might suppose that δέλεαρ und βλῆρ originated frim dissimilation from *δέρεαρ and *βρῆρ, and connect βιβρώσκω (s. v.) and OHG querdar `bait'. One has also tried to connect δέλεαρ and βλῆρ with initial Labiovelar g^u- with Arm. klanem, aor. ekul `devour', with Russ. gɫotátь `swallow', Lat. gula, gluttio `devour'. However, the word may well be non-IE; see the words cited.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέλεαρ
8 δορκάς

δορκάς, - άδος

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `a kind of deer, roe, gazelle' (Hdt. 7, 69).

Derivatives: Other forms: δόρξ (Call.; acc. δόρκᾱ̆ν E. H. F. 376 [lyr.]; δόρκα Dindorf), δόρκος (Dsc.), δόρκων (LXX); also ζορκάς (Hdt. 4, 192), ζόρξ (Call.); ἴορκος (Opp.), ἴορκες, ἴυρκες (H.). - Diminutives: δορκάδιον (LXX, Delos III^a), also a plant (André, Notes lexicogr. botanique s.v.); δορκαλίς (Call.; on - αλ-ιδ- Chantr. Form. 251f., 344); δορκαλῖδες `dies from the bones of..' (Herod.; on -ῑδ- s. Chantraine 346f.); δορκαλίδες ὄργανόν ἐστι κολαστικόν τε η μάστιγες αἱ ἀπὸΏ ἱμάντων δορκάδων Suidas; δορκάδε(ι)ος `made from the bones of..' ( ἀστράγαλος, Thphr., inscr., pap.; s. Schmid -εος und -ειος 52), δόρκειος (Theognost.), δόρκιος (Edict. Diocl.). - PN Δορκεύς etc., s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 130.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.

Etymology: Built like κεμάς etc., δορκάς, like δόρκος and δόρκων was derived from the root noun δόρξ. If we start from the forms with ζ-, the word agrees with a Celtic word for `roe', Corn. yorch, Bret. iourc'h `roe', Welsh iwrch `caprea mas', IE *i̯ork-o-. The δ-forms perh. folketymological after δέρκομαι. ἴορκος etc. may be Celtic (Galatic) LW [loanword]. - Sommer Lautst. 147f.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δορκάς
9 ἐμπολή

ἐμπολή

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `trade, trade-goods, purchase, profit' (Pi., Att.).

Other forms: Arc. ἰνπολα, IV^a

Compounds: Comp. ἀπεμπολή s. below. Note ἐμπέλωρος ἀγορανόμος H. (prob. for ἐμπολ-; diff. Chantraine, s. v.). - ἐμπολαῖος `belonging to trade', surname of Hermes (Ar.), ἐμπολεύς `buyer' (AP; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 74). Denomin. verb ἐμπολάω -άομαι, impf. ἠμπόλων, aor. ἠμπόλησα ( ἐνεπόλησα Is.), ἠμπολήθην, perf. ἠμπόληκα ( ἐμπεπόληκα Luc.), ἠμπόλημαι `trade, buy, sell, win' (Od.). Also with prefix: ἀπ-, δι-, ἐξ-, παρ-, προσ-.

Derivatives: ἐμπόλημα `goods, profit' (S.), ( ἀπ-)ἐμπόλησις (Hp., Poll.), ἀπεμπολητής `seller' (Lyc.); postverbal ἀπεμπολήν ἀπαλλαγήν, πρᾶσιν, ἐμπορίαν H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [639] * kʷel- `turn, move'

Etymology: Also ( ἐξ-)ἐμπολέω `id.' (Herod., J.). Cf. ἐντολή, ἐντομή etc. and so based on a verb *ἐμπέλω, - ομαι. One compares the iterative (with lengthened grade) πωλέω `sell'. ἐμπολάω is a denomin, as appears from the augmented and reduplicated forms. - Connection with πέλομαι, -ω `turn, move' is semantically possible; ἐμπολή would then be `traffic'. IE has an old word for `sell, earn etc.', in several nominal derivv., e. g. Skt. paṇa- m. `salary' (with paṇate `trade, buy'), Lith. pel̃nas `wages, salary', OHG fāli, OWNo. falr `sal(e)able'; one connects πωλέω separating ἐμπολή. See Schwyzer 720 n. 8. See on ἐμπολή, ἐμπολάω Chantraine, Rev. de phil. 66, 11ff. with diff. suggestions ( πελάζω, πέλας etc.). - De Lamberterie argues for connection with * kʷel- and πωλέομαι, RPh 2, 1997, 159 and 172.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐμπολή
10 ἐρέτης

ἐρέτης

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `rower' (Il.),

Other forms: myk. e-re-ta; eree \/ erehen\/ Perpillou, Minos 9\/2,1968, 208-212.

Compounds: As 2. member in ὑπ-ηρέτης, s. v.

Derivatives: ἐρετικός `concerning the rowers' (Att.); collective abstrakt εἰρεσίη, - ία ( εἰ- metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) `the rowers' (Od.); denomin. verb ἐρέσσω, rare Att. ἐρέττω, aor. ἐρέσ(σ)αι `row' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. ἐρετμόν n. `oar' (Il.) with ἐρετμόω `complete with oars' (E.), PN Έρετμεύς (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121). - Here also the PN Έρέτρια as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in - ηρης and - ερος, - ορος like τρι-ήρης `three-rower' (Ion.-Att.), ἁλι-ήρης `rowing the sea' ( κώπη E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), πεντηκόντερος, πεντηκόντ-ορος `fifty-rower' (Ion.-Att.), s. below.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] * h₁erh₁-, h₁reh₁- `row'

Etymology: The agent noun ἐρέ-της points like the synonymous Skt. ari-tár- (= Gr. *ἐρε-τήρ (* h₁erh₁-) in Έρέτρ-ιᾱ) to a disyllabic primary verb `row', which in Greek was replaced by the denominative ἐρέσσω (uncertain Myc. e-re-e), but is present in other languages: Lith. iriù, ìrti (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic ἐρε-, \< *h₁r̥h₁-), Germ., e. g. ONo. rōa, Celt., e. g. OIr. imb-rā `row, sail' (IE rō- against rē- (i. e. * h₁reh₁- * h₁roh₁-) in Lat. rēmus, cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in τρι-ήρης `three-rower' etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the σ-stems), πεντηκόντ-ερος, - ορος `fifty-rower' etc. (after the ο-stems, also with - ο- after - γονος, - φορος a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with το-suffix (Lesb.) τέρρητον τριήρης H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for *τερρ-έρητον \< *τρι-έρητον, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of ἐρέτης rests prob. the form ἐρετμόν against Skt. arí-tr-a- `oar' (from ari-tár-), Lat. rēmus (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. rēmus.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέτης
11 ἐρέχθω

ἐρέχθω Erechtheus!

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `rend, break' (Ψ 317, ε 83, h. Ap. 358).

Other forms: only present

Derivatives: Έρεχθεύς, Att. vase σ Ερεχσες (Schwyzer 326) heros and king of Athens (Β 543, η 81), also surname of Poseidon (Plu., H.), with Έρεχθηΐς f. name of an Att. phyle (D., inschr.), Έρεχθεΐδαι pl. name of the Athenians (Pi.); prop. `the Render, (Earth)shaker'? rather short form for Έριχθόνιος (s. v.) with folk-etymological connection wih ἐρέχθω; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 129. - Plant name ἐρεχθῖτις = ἠριγέρων (Ps.-Dsc.); on the form Redard Les noms grecs en - της 171; see André, RPh 45 (1971) 216f `the one that breaks'

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Connected with Skt. rákṣas-, Av. rašah- `destruction, damage', Av. rašayeiti `damage'. Semantic objections by Kretschmer KZ 31, 432f. - Diff. on Skt. rákṣas- Renou Journ. asiat. 1939, 187; the connection is `unglaubhaft' for Mayfhofer EWAia II 423, Gunnarsson NTS 24 (1971) 64ff.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέχθω
12 ἐρίθακος

ἐρίθακος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: name of a bird, prob. `robin-redbreast, Erithacus rubecula' (Arist.), s. Thompson Birds s. v.

Other forms: ἐριθεύς (Thphr.), ἐρίθυλος (Sch.)

Derivatives: Adj. ἐριθακώδης ( γραῖαι Epich. 61; meaning unclear; see on ἐριθάκη).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: From ἔριθος s.v., but DELG asks `why?' See Bosshardt, Nomina auf - ευς 67ff. and Thompson, Birds s.v.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρίθακος
13 ἐρωή

ἐρωή

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: 1. `rush, impulse, force, throw', in the Il. mostly of spears ( δουρός, βελέων ἐ.), also of men ( ἀνδρός, λικμητῆρος, Πηνελέοιο), after Hom. of other objects ( πετράων A. R. 4, 1657, πυρός AP 9, 490, γαστρός Opp. K. 3, 175, περὶ Κύπριν AP 10, 112). 2. `withdrawal, rest', in the Il. of battle ( πολέμου Π 302, Ρ 761), thus Theoc. 22, 192 ( μάχης), also δακρύων (Mosch. 4, 40) and absolute `rescue' (D. P. 601).

Derivatives: Beside it ἐρωέω, aor. ἐρωῆσαι 1. intr. `draw back, withdraw, leave, rest from', also with ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ὑπ-, mostly with ablat. gen. πολέμοιο, χάρμης (Il.), καμάτοιο (h. Cer. 301) a. o., also absol. `escape a disease' (Nic.); 2. trans. `force back, push back' (Ν 57, Theoc., Call.), also `quit' (Theoc.); also of blood αἶμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί (Α 303 = π 441), translated with `flow, stream'. - From ἐρωέω: ἐρωΐα f. `respite, rest' (Theoc. 30, 9); from ἀπερωέω: ἀπερωεύς `who hinders, who frustrates' ( ἐμῶν μενέων Θ 361; diff. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 29).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] *h₁reh₁-u̯- `rest', and?

Etymology: Since Fick KZ 22, 375 two homonyms are distinguished. 1. ἐρωή `Schwung etc.' with ἐρωέω `flow, stream' (Α 303 = π 441) from IE. *rōs-ā́ in Germ., MLG. rās n. `strong flow', OE. rǣs m. `run, attack', ON rās f. `run', IE. * rēs-o-, -ā; ON rasa `fall down' with ras n. `falling down', NHG rasen, IE * rǝs-; cf. Persson KZ 48, 132f. Lat. rōrāriī pl. `lightly armed skirmishers, who start battle with slings' from * rōsā `Schwung, throw' = ἐρωή. - 2. ἐρωή `rest' with ἐρωέω `rest etc.' from IE *rōu̯ā́ = Germ., OHG ruowa, OE row, ON rō f. `rest'; beside OHG rāwa `id.', IE *rēu̯ā; other, partly doubtful connections in WP. 1, 149ff. and. 1, 144, Pok. 336, 338. - This presentation must be controlled; note that ἐρωή `Schwung etc.' and the verb ἐρωέω `rest etc.' is much more frquent than ἐρωή `rest' and notably ἐρωέω `streamen (?)'. - To be rejected Boßhardt l. c.: ἐρωή `rest' to ἐρύκω, ἐρύω, ἐρύομαι and zu ἐρητύω.

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14 ἠπεροπεύς

ἠπεροπεύς

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `cheat, deceiver' (λ 364, A. R. 3, 617, AP 9, 524, 8), - ηΐς f. [Hom.] ap. Str. 1, 2, 4.

Derivatives: With ἠπεροπεύω, only present-stem `cheat, deceive' (Hom., Hes.) with ἠπεροπευτής (only voc. - τά Γ 39 = Ν 768, h. Merc. 282 u. a.; on the formation Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 20f., 2, 34) and ἠπερόπευμα (Critias).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Because of the rarity of the attestations one is prepared to accept, with Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 26 that ἠπεροπεύς is a retrograde deriv. of ἠπεροπεύω. Basic *ἠπερ-οψ, *ἠπερ-οπός, -ή has got many explanations: Skt. ápara- `more behind, other' (Curtius 263, Prellwitz BB 22, 112); Lat. săpiō (Solmsen KZ 42, 233 n. 1); Gr. ἤπιος (L. Meyer 1, 609); ἀπάτη (Kuiper Glotta 21, 283f.; vgl. s. v.). Kuiper's connection with ἀπατ-άω is most attractive. There is no good IE etymology, so a loan, i.e. a Pre-Greek word, is quite possible (thus DELG).

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15 θύρσος

θύρσος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `the thyrsos-wand', wreathe with ivy and vine-leaves with a pine-cone at the top (E.).

Compounds: Compp., e. g. θυρσο-φόρος, ἄ-θυρσος (E.).

Derivatives: Diminut. θυρσίον (Hero), θυρσάριον (Plu.); plant name θύρσιον (Ps.-Dsc.), θύρσις (Cyran.), θυρσ-ίνη and - ίτης (Dsc., s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50; the last also name of a stone, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); θυρσίων name of a dolphinlike fish (Ath., Plin.; s. W.-Hofmann s. tursiō). Denomin.: θυρσάζω `flourish the th.' (Ar. Lys. 1313; Lacon. ptc. θυρσαδδωᾶν = - αζουσῶν), θυρσόω `use as th.' (D. S.). - Here also θυρξεύς surn. of Apollon in Achaia (Paus. 7, 21, 13)?; s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 77.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.

Etymology: Loan from Anatolia, cf. Hier. Luw. tuwarsa- `vine' (Laroche BSL 51 p. XXXIIIf., Forbes Glotta 36, 271f.). S. Heubeck, Praegraeca 80.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύρσος
16 ἱέρᾱξ

ἱέρᾱξ

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `hawk, falcon'; also fish-name (Epich. 68; Strömberg Fischnamen 1 13f. `high-flyer').

Other forms: -ᾱκος (Alcm. 28, E., Ar., Arist.), ἴρηξ, - ηκος (ep. Ion. Il.)

Compounds: Rarely in compp., e. g. ἱερακο-βοσκός `falconer' (pap.).

Derivatives: Dimin. ἱερακίσκος (Ar.); ἱερακίδιον, - άδιον `statuette of a hawk' (Delos II^a; on the meaning Chantraine Formation 70), ἱερακεῖον `hawk-temple' (pap. II^a), ἱερακιδεύς `young hawk' (Eust.; like ἀετ-ιδεύς a. o.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 78f.); ἱερακάριος `falconer' ( Cod. Cat. Astr.); ἱερακίτης name of a stone, from the colour (Plin., Gal.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55), ἱεράκιον, also - ία, - ιάς, - ῖτις plant-name, `hawk-weed, Hieracium' (Ps.-Dsc.; on the unclear motivation Strömberg Pflanzennamen 118). - ἱεράκ-ειος, - ώδης `hawk-like' (late).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1123] * uei- `more quickly'

Etymology: Though ἴρηξ in Hom. shows no digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 156), the H.-glosse βείρακες ἱέρακες (with βειράκη ἡ ἁρπακτική) shows an orig. *Ϝῑρᾱξ with -ᾱκ- as in several animals names. One starts from an adj. (noun) *Ϝῑρος, perh. related to (Ϝ)ίεμαι (Ebel KZ 4, 164f.). The sec. Form ἱέραξ from folketymology after ἱερός. - Solmsen Unt. 148f., Bechtel Lex. s. ἴρηξ; more in Bq. - Possible but uncertain; the suffix -ᾱκ- could point to Pre-Greek origin.

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17 κάμῑνος

κάμῑνος

Grammatical information: f. (cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2; -η pap. VI^p)

Meaning: `furnace for smelting, baking, burning etc.' (Hom. Epigr. 14, Hdt., A.).

Derivatives: (all rare, most late): Diminutive καμίνιον (Gp., Olymp. Alch.). Other subst.: καμινὼ γρηῦς `furnace-woman' (σ 27; Chantraine Formation 116); καμινεύς name of a artisan working at a furnace, e.g. `smith' or `potter' (D. S.; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 76); καμινίων `id.' (Tegea II^p); καμινίτης ἄρτος (Philistion ap. Ath.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89). Adj.: καμίνιος `belonging to the furnace' (Thphr.); καμιναῖος `id.' (Ezek.) with καμιναία = κάμινος (LXX; cf. Chantraine 86); καμινώδης `furnace-like' (Str.). Verb καμινεύω `burn, smelt in a furnace' (Arist., Thphr., Str.) with καμινευτής = καμινεύς (Pap. III^a, Luk.), καμινευτήρ ( αὑλός) `pair of ballows in a smithy' (AP), f. - εύτρια (Aristarch.), καμινεία (- ία) `burning, smelting' (Thphr., Gal.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Technical loan of unknown origin (on the formation Schwyzer 491, Chantraine 205). The comparison with καμάρα (Prellwitz, Bq.) has little sense; that with OCS kamy `stone' (Hirt Ablaut 137, Falk-Torp Wb. s. kamin) is possible (Geramb WuS 9, 28); is the loan from the north or the east? (WP. 1, 349, Pok. 525). - From κάμινος Lat. camīnus with MHG kamin etc. (W.-Hofmann s. v.; s. also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kómin). - -ῑν- is a Pre=Greek suffix.

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18 κόπρος

κόπρος

Grammatical information: f. (on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 4)

Meaning: `excrement, ordure, dung, filth' (Il.).

Compounds: Compp., e. g. κοπρο-λόγος `dung-gatherer' (Ar.), κοπρο-φορά `loaf of dung' (Amorgos IV^a; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 187 A. 2 [S. 188]).

Derivatives: A. Subst. κόπριον = κόπρος (Heraclit., Hp., inscr., pap.) with κοπριώδης `dung-like, full of dung' (Hp., Thphr., pap.), κοπριακός `belonging to dung' (pap.); κόπρανα pl. `excrements' (Hp., Aret.); κοπρία `dung-heap' (Semon., Stratt., Arist.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44); κοπρών (Ar.), - εών (Tz.), - ιών (Gortyn) `privy'; κοπροσύνη `manuring' (pap. VI^p); - Κοπρεύς herald of Eurystheus (Ο 639; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121); Κοπρεαῖος joking PN (Ar.); κοπρίαι pl. `buffoons' (D. C.; Lat. copreae). - B. Adj. Κόπρειος `belonging to the demos Κόπρος' (inscr.), also referring to κόπρος (Ar.), Κόπριος `id.' (Is.); κόπρινος `living in κ.' (Hp.); κοπρώδης `dung-like, dirty' (Hp., Pl., Arist.). - C. verbs. κοπρέω `manure' only fut. ptc. κοπρήσοντες (ρ 299; v. l. κοπρίσσοντες); ( ἐκ-, ἐπι-)κοπρίζω `id.' (ρ 299 v. l., Hp., Thphr.) with κόπρισις, - ισμός `manuring' (Thphr., pap.); κοπρόω `defile with dung' (Arr.) with κόπρωσις `manuring' (Thphr.; ἐκκοπρόω with - ωσις Hp.); κοπρεύω = κοπρίζω (Chios V-IV^a), κοπρεῦσαι φυτεῦσαι H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [544] *ḱokʷr `dung'

Etymology: Thematic form of an old r-n-stem, which is preserved in Skt. śákr̥-t, śakn-áḥ `dung'; so IE. *ḱok^u̯r-. A primary verb is assumed in Lith. šikù, sìkti `cacare', Pok. 544, W.-Hofmann s. cacō and mūscerda. S. also on σκῶρ. The Lall-word κακκάω is not cognate.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόπρος
19 Άχιλλεύς

Άχιλλεύς

Grammatical information: PN

Meaning: The son of Peleus and Thetis (Il.).

Other forms: Also Άχιλεύς (Il.)

Dialectal forms: Myc. akireu, dat. akirewe.

Derivatives: Άχιλλήϊος (Hdt.), Att. Άχίλλειος (E.); also a plant.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The variation λλ Άχιλλεύς λ (like σσ Άχιλλεύς σ in Όδυσ(σ)εύς) is typical Pre-Greek, prob. points to a palatalized l. (Not a metrical question as per Chantraine Gramm. hom. 110. Nor hypocoristic forms.) Therefore not to ἄχος `pain'. Cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 139f. (Quite wrong Bader, DELG Add.)

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20 Ένυάλιος

Ένυάλιος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: old god of war, connected with the cry ἐλελεῦ and identified with Ares (Il.).

Other forms: Myc. E-nu-wa-ri-jo ΈνυϜαλιος Argos VII^a;)

Derivatives: Ένυαλία name of a phyle in Mantinea (IG 5 (2), 271); Ένυάλιον name of a temple on the island of Minoa (Th. 4, 67). - Further Ένυώ f. name of a war-goddess (short name?; Il.), and Ένυεύς king in Skyros (Ι 668; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 125).

Etymology: Pre-Greek name with unclear formation and unknown etymology. Wrong Carnoy Beitr. z. Namenforschung 7, 119f. - On Enyalios s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 519.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ένυάλιος

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